High tin solders are extensively used in electrical work. Solders with lower tin content are less expensive and primarily used for sheet metal products and other high-volume solder requirements. A 63/37 solder becomes completely liquid at 361☏. The eutectic composition for tin-lead solder is about 63% tin and 37% lead. Solders that contain 19.5% to 97.5% tin remain a solid until they exceed 360☏. This diagram shows that 100% lead melts at 621☏ and 100% tin melts at 450☏. The behavior of tin-lead solder is shown by the diagram in figure 2. Tin also increases the wetting ability and lowers the cracking potential of the solder. The higher the tin content, the lower the melting temperature. Tin-lead alloy melting characteristics depend upon the ratio of tin to lead. In describing solders, it is the custom of industry to state the tin content first for example, a 40/60 solder means to have 40% tin and 60% lead. Their compatibility with soldering processes, cleaning, and most types of flux is excellent. They have good corrosion resistance and can be used for joining most metals. The largest group of all solders in use is solders of the tin-lead alloy group. Because of the many types of solder available, this chapter only covers the solders most commonly used by Steelworkers. Wire solders are available with or without a flux core. Solders are available in various forms and include bars, wires, ingots, and powders. There are many different types of solder being used by industry. File the copper with a single-cut bastard file.The procedure for filing and tinning a copper is defined as follows: The bottom copper is used for soldering seams that are hard to reach, such as those found in pails, pans, trays, and other simila objects.Īlso, coppers must be filed and retinned after overheating or for any other reason that caused the loss of their solder coating. The stub copper is used for soldering flat seams that need a considerable amount of heat. The pointed copper is for general soldering work. Soldering heads are available in various shapes. The handle, which may be wood or fiber, is either forced or screwed onto the rod. The fear of lead poisoning which has caused the prohibition of lead in some plumbing applications is now threatening its use elsewhere.Ī soldering copper (usually called a soldering iron) consists of a forged copper head and an iron rod with a handle. For electrical applications, tin lead solders are at present most commonly used but for plumbing applications for potable water, lead free solders are now specified. Soft soldering using tin based solders is widely used for joining copper and brass where mechanical strength is not so important. For joining copper and copper alloys the latter groups are often called silver solders. Soldering can be considered under two classifications soft soldering using alloys melting below 350☌, and hard soldering using stronger alloys with a higher melting point. Additionally, it is used to join iron, nickel, lead, tin, copper, zinc, aluminum, and many other alloys. Soldering is valuable to the Steelworker because it is a simple and fast means for joining sheet metal, making electrical connections, and sealing seams against leakage. Soldering is a method of using a filler metal (commonly known as solder) for joining two metals without heating them to their melting points.
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